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本文深入讨论了甜菜覆膜栽培技术。主要内容包括、1.需膜量计算及膜宽选择:亩用膜量(kg)=666.7×塑料膜宽厚度(mm)×塑膜比重×覆膜指数。塑膜厚度分为0.007、0.008和O.12毫米等规格。塑膜比重一般为0.915g/cm~3覆膜指数=(塑膜面积)/(田间覆膜栽培面积)。甜菜覆膜栽培以选用膜幅宽45厘米为宜。2.适宜播种期的确定:覆膜甜菜的播期可较当地直播甜菜的正常播期提早3—4天。3.播种及覆膜方式:采用先播种后覆膜的播种方式(播种后立即覆膜)。穴播,土壤含水量需达到18—20%左右,否则,应引墒播种。4.覆膜方法:覆膜地块的垄高与垄宽之比应为1:5。虚膜后保持地膜与种穴表面之间有3厘米左右的空间,以避免出苗时子叶直接触及地膜。5.开孔放苗问题:播种、覆膜后,大约10天左右即可出苗,幼苗距地膜1.0厘米时,应开孔放苗。6.追肥:在10叶期应进行行间追肥。7.揭膜:约在甜菜出苗后50—60天时揭膜。哈尔滨地区大约5月20日揭膜。甜菜揭膜时的形态指标为:株高40厘米左右,单株20片叶左右,根体最大直径4厘米左右。8.揭膜后管理:揭膜后,进行中耕除草,及时防治甜菜褐斑病和生育中后期的甘兰夜盗。
This article discusses in depth sugar beet film cultivation techniques. The main contents include: 1. Need to calculate the amount of film and the choice of film width: mu amount of film (kg) = 666.7 × plastic film thickness (mm) × plastic film × film index. Plastic film thickness is divided into 0.007,0.008 and O.12 mm and other specifications. The proportion of plastic film is generally 0.915g / cm ~ 3 film index = (plastic film area) / (field film cultivation area). Beet film cultivation to choose 45 cm wide film is appropriate. 2. To determine the appropriate sowing time: Covering the beet sowing date than the local live beet normal sowing 3-4 days earlier. 3. Sowing and coating methods: The first sowing after sowing (sowing immediately after sowing). Hole-sowing, the soil moisture content needs to reach 18-20%, otherwise, should introduce moisture sowing. 4. Covering method: The ratio of ridge height and ridge width of covered land should be 1: 5. After the film to keep the surface of the membrane and the hole between the 3 cm space to avoid the emergence of cotyledons directly touch the film. 5. Open hole Fangmiao problem: sowing, filming, about 10 days to emerge, seedlings from the film 1.0 cm, should be open hole Fangmiao. 6. Top-dressing: In the 10-leaf stage should be top-dressing. 7. Jiemo: about 50-60 days after the beet emergence Jiemo. Harbin area about May 20 uncover film. Sugar beet uncovering when the morphological indicators: about 40 cm in height, about 20 leaves per plant, root diameter of about 4 cm. 8. Uncover management: Uncovering, cultivating and weeding, timely prevention and control of sugar beet brown spot disease and late-growing cabbage burglary.