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“马歇尔现象”苦诉我们规模经济和垄断难以分割，取其一就得舍弃另一个。中国产业结构却是垄断盛行与分散重复并存，自８０年代末开始的大企业政策效果就一直不佳。究竟是“马歇尔现象”失灵，还是中国情况特殊？中国企业集团战路效果不尽人意的原因何在？通过对“马歇尔现象”分析后不难发现，规模效益获得的关键在于企业或产业的分工和专业化程度，而我国却恰恰因为忽略了这一点影响了大企业政策的效果。
The “Marshall Phenomenon” sues us that it is hard to divide our economies of scale and monopoly, and one should give up the other. China’s industrial structure is characterized by the monopoly prevalence and fragmentation, and the effect of large-scale enterprise policies since the late 1980s has been poor. Is it “failure of the Marshallian phenomenon” or a special situation in China? What are the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of the Chinese enterprises’ battlefields? After analyzing the “Marshall Phenomenon”, it is not difficult to find out that the key to gaining economies of scale lies in the division of labor and specialization of enterprises or industries. However, our country just neglected the effect of the policies of large enterprises.