告谁是货物索赔所面临的一个重要的问题。在实践中被告可能有四种:(1)船舶所有人;(2)船舶;(3)承运人;(4)实际承运人。 海牙规则对承运人作了下列定义:“包括明确与托运人签订运输合同的船舶所有人或承租人。”显然,该定义是不够明确的。威斯比规则对识别承运人增加了一点说明,但也不明确,而汉堡规则和中国 Who is the important issue facing who claims the goods? There are four possible defendants in practice: (1) shipowner; (2) ship; (3) carrier; (4) actual carrier. The Hague Rules have the following definitions for the carrier: “includes the owner or lessee of the ship who clearly signs the contract of carriage with the shipper.” Clearly, the definition is not clear enough. The Visby Rules add a bit of clarity to the identification of carriers, but it is also not clear, and the Hamburg Rules and China