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感染性疾病严重危害人类的健康与生命,抗生素耐药问题日益严重,感染性疾病的治疗已经进入“后抗生素时代”。精准医疗旨在建立一种在个体基因、环境、生活方式等的基础上的、因人因病而异的、更加精确的个体化医疗,并且已经广泛应用于癌症的治疗和管理。下一代测序技术(NGS)为获取疾病的基因信息提供了强大的技术支持,并在感染性疾病的精准治疗中取得了一定的进展。文章综述了精准医疗在由细菌、病毒及其他一些病原微生物引起的感染性疾病中的应用及前景。应用NGS检测感染性疾病中病原微生物的基因组信息,对致病基因、耐药基因及其他重要的标记精准医疗基因深入解读,有望在一定程度上实现精准医疗的目的。
Infectious diseases seriously endanger the health and life of human beings, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is getting worse. The treatment of infectious diseases has entered the post-antibiotic era. Precision Medicine aims to establish a personalized, more accurate and individualized medical treatment based on individual genes, environments, lifestyles and the like, and has been widely used in the treatment and management of cancer. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) provides powerful technical support for obtaining genetic information on diseases and makes some progress in the accurate treatment of infectious diseases. The article reviews the applications and prospects of precision medicine in infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms. The application of NGS to detect the genome information of pathogenic microorganisms in infectious diseases and in-depth interpretation of pathogenic genes, drug resistance genes and other important marker accurate medical genes is expected to achieve the purpose of precision medicine to some extent.