炎症性肠病是儿童时期常见的慢性肠道炎性反应,主要有2种类型:克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎。克罗恩病的主要临床表现为腹痛、腹泻、体质量减轻、生长迟缓、肛周病变及各种肠外表现。溃疡性结肠炎的主要临床表现为血便或脓血黏液便,常有腹痛、里急后重及肠外表现。二者的诊断及鉴别诊断应依据临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征、内镜和组织学检查综合分析判断。 Inflammatory bowel disease is a common childhood inflammatory reaction of the intestinal tract, there are two main types: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s disease is the main clinical manifestations of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, growth retardation, perianal lesions and various parenteral manifestations. The main clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis are bloody stools or pus and mucus, often abdominal pain, tenesmus and parenteral manifestations. Both diagnosis and differential diagnosis should be based on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging features, endoscopic and histological examination to determine the comprehensive analysis.