附件1 混凝土组织、结构的冻害冬季浇注的混凝土硬化条件不仅对其组织结构,而且对其性能及随后在零下温度下的行为都是非常重要的。对混凝土在其达到设计强度前的冻害原因的研究表明,可将冻害原因分成三个基本类型:1.水向冰的转变伴随着体积的增大,随之引起混凝土中很大的内应力; Annex 1 Freezing damage to concrete structures and structures The hardening conditions of concrete poured in winter are very important not only for its organizational structure but also for its performance and subsequent behavior at sub-zero temperatures. The study of the cause of freezing damage to concrete before reaching its design strength shows that the causes of frost damage can be divided into three basic types: 1. The change of water to ice is accompanied by an increase in volume, which leads to a large internal stress in concrete.