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本文叙述了在1983～1986年间应用同位素~(15)N和~(32)P研究作物对氮肥和磷肥的吸收利用。实验表明,在淹水条件上,水稻对(~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4和~(15)NH_4NO_3形式的铵态氮利用率分别为40.58％和33.8O％;而对NH_4~(15)NO_3和K~(15)NO_3形式的硝态氮利用率分别为15.99％和15.30％,水稻对铵态氮的利用率显著高于硝态氮。在旱地条件下,谷子对(~(15)NH_4)_2SO_4和~(15)NH_4NO_3的利用率分别为52.4％和42.2％,而对NH_4~(15)NO_3和K~(15)NO_3的硝态氮利用率分别为71.6％和59.5％,谷子对铵态氮的利用率明显低于硝态氮。 用~(15)N、~(32)P作示踪剂研究表明:水稻对氮磷复合肥中氮的利用率分别是:尿素磷铵44.65％,氯磷铵45.54％,尿素44.12％,尿素+普钙40.51％,硝酸磷肥36.65％。水稻对上述几种肥料的磷肥利用率是:硝酸磷肥22.55％,氯磷铵22.36％,尿素磷铵21.08％,尿素+普钙20.74％,普钙11.87％。 用放射性扫描和放射自显影方法研究表明,肥料磷在土壤中经过20天的垂直移动距离依次是:硝酸磷肥4.21cm>尿素磷铵4.20cm>氯磷铵4.0cm>尿素+普钙3.50cm>硫磷铵3.02cm>普钙3.0cm。
This paper describes the use of isotopes (15) N and ~ (32) P in crop uptake of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers from 1983 to 1986. The experimental results showed that under flooded conditions, the utilization rates of ammonium (~ (15) NH_4) _2SO_4 and ~ (15) NH_4NO_3 were 40.58% and 33.8%, respectively. However, the NH4 (superscript 15 -) NO3 and The utilization of nitrate nitrogen in K ~ (15) NO_3 forms was 15.99% and 15.30% respectively, and the utilization rate of ammonium nitrogen in rice was significantly higher than that in nitrate nitrogen. Under dryland conditions, the utilization rates of (~ (15) NH_4) _2SO_4 and ~ (15) NH_4NO_3 were respectively 52.4% and 42.2%, while the nitrate content of NH_4 ~ (15) NO_3 and K_ (15) NO_3 Nitrogen utilization rates were 71.6% and 59.5%, respectively. The utilization rate of millet to ammonium nitrogen was significantly lower than that of nitrate nitrogen. The results showed that the utilization rates of nitrogen in NPK were: 44.65% urea ammonium phosphate, 45.54% ammonium chloride, 44.12% urea, and urea + 40.51% of calcium, 36.65% of nitrophosphate. The utilization rate of paddy in the above mentioned fertilizers was 22.55% for nitrophosphate, 22.36% for ammonium phosphate, 21.08% for ammonium phosphate, 20.74% for urea and 20.84% for calcium. The results of radioactive scanning and autoradiography showed that the vertical movement distance of fertilizer P in soil after 20 days was: nitrophosphate 4.21cm> ammonium phosphate 4.20cm> ammonium chloride 4.0cm> urea + calcium 3.50cm> Ammonium thiosulfate 3.02cm> Calcium calcium 3.0cm.