肾移植患者术后发生人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染十分常见，作者应用多聚酶链反应（PCR）技术，直接通过肾移植受者外周血白细胞检测CMVDNA，诊断其活性感染。结果：术前所有受者及其供者DNA检测均为阴性，术后35例受者共检出4例阳性，感染率11.43％。另有3例患者亦出现类似病毒 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is most common in patients after renal transplantation. The authors used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect CMV DNA directly from peripheral blood leukocytes in renal transplant recipients and diagnosed their active infection. Results: The DNA of all recipients and their donors was negative before operation, and 4 of the 35 recipients were positive after operation, the infection rate was 11.43%. Another 3 patients also appeared similar to the virus