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同时适用于两大法系国家的自由心证制度的共性在于均尊重法官的裁判权威以及各国的诉讼结构。英美法系国家的严格约束型自由心证制度表现在法官的心证受到证据能力约束、陪审团的心证受到证据规则的限制;大陆法系国家的相对自由型自由心证制度的基础在于法官自由裁量权能决定证据的证明力。我国建设自由心证制度应当从建设更适宜自由心证制度发展的诉讼程序、完善制约机制、明确证明标准作为自由心证的尺度三个层面出发,同时注意控制高度盖然性标准的消极影响系数以防止因单一限制自由心证的程度而忽视个案正义。
At the same time, the commonalities of the system of free evaluation of evidence applied to the two major legal systems lie in respecting the judges’ authority of the judiciary and the litigation structure of all countries. The strict restraint system of free evidence in Anglo-American legal system is manifested in the fact that the judge’s testimony is bound by the power of evidence and the jury’s testimony is restricted by the rules of evidence. The free-form free evidence system of civil law countries is based on judges Discretion can determine the evidence of evidence. China’s system of building a free assessment should proceed from building a litigation procedure that is more suitable for the development of a free trial system, improving the restriction mechanism, and clearly certifying the standard as a measure of free assessment. At the same time, we should pay attention to controlling the negative influence coefficient of a high probability criterion to prevent Ignoring case justice because of a single restriction on the extent of free testimony.