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目的探讨头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗与食欲及相关不良反应的关系。方法分析117例头颈部肿瘤患者接受放射治疗后每日唾液生成情况、镇痛药物使用、口腔护理的频率及食欲变化。结果 20 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降受Brinkman指数、年龄及味觉敏感性影响(P<0.001);30 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降主要受口腔护理的次数、口腔干燥症、年龄、味觉敏感性及口腔黏膜炎影响(P<0.001);50 Gy放射剂量时,食欲下降受清晨唾液生成减少、口腔护理次数、口腔干燥症及黏膜炎、镇痛药物使用及味觉敏感性影响(P<0.001)。结论为预防头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗后食欲下降,相关护理应根据放射的剂量和具体方案实行,这对改善患者放射治疗后的饮食及生活质量有着重要临床意义。
Objective To investigate the relationship between radiation therapy and appetite and related adverse reactions in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods 117 cases of head and neck cancer patients receiving daily radiotherapy after saliva formation, analgesic use, oral care frequency and appetite changes. Results The loss of appetite was influenced by Brinkman index, age and taste sensitivity (P <0.001) at the dose of 20 Gy. The decrease of appetite was mainly attributed to the number of oral care, xerophthalmia, age, taste sensitivity, Oral mucositis (P <0.001); decreased appetite at early doses of 50 Gy was associated with decreased morning saliva production, number of oral care, xerostomia and mucositis, analgesic use and taste sensitivity (P <0.001). Conclusions To prevent the loss of appetite after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer, the related nursing should be based on the dose of radiation and the specific plan, which has important clinical significance for improving the diet and quality of life after radiotherapy.