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目的统计住院新生儿出生缺陷发生情况及影响因素,为有效预防出生缺陷提供借鉴。方法收集2005年1月1日至2014年12月31日青岛市立医院儿科住院分娩活产新生儿21 088例中转入新生儿科的5086例患儿中发生出生缺陷的病例资料,对患儿出生缺陷发生率、构成情况及孕妇相关疾病和危险因素暴露情况进行回顾性分析。结果 10年间青岛市立医院儿科住院分娩新生儿出生缺陷发生率为11.80‰(249/21 088),占住院患儿4.9%(249/5086)。出生缺陷男女性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.35,P>0.05)。早产儿出生缺陷发生率与足月儿发生率比较有统计学意义(χ2=164.61,P<0.01),母亲孕期患病及孕早期感染为出生缺陷发生的危险因素。先天性心脏病占所有缺陷类型首位。结论大力实施围生期新生儿出生缺陷监测与干预工作,开展三级预防措施,能有效降低出生缺陷的发生率,提高人口素质。
Objective To analyze the incidence of neonatal birth defects and its influencing factors in inpatients and provide references for effective prevention of birth defects. Methods A total of 5086 cases of birth defects were collected from 2188 live births in pediatric inpatient department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2014. The data of birth defects The incidence of defects, the composition of the situation and pregnant women related diseases and risk factors were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence of neonatal birth defects in pediatric department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital during the past 10 years was 11.80 ‰ (249/21 088), accounting for 4.9% (249/5086) in hospitalized children. There was no significant difference in sex differences between birth defects (χ2 = 2.35, P> 0.05). The incidence of birth defects in preterm infants was significantly higher than that in term infants (χ2 = 164.61, P <0.01). The prevalence of maternal pregnancy and early pregnancy infection were the risk factors for birth defects. Congenital heart disease accounted for the first of all defect types. Conclusions Vigorously implement the monitoring and intervention of neonatal birth defects in perinatal period and carry out tertiary prevention measures, which can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the population quality.