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作物品种生态型的基本特点及其演变规律,对制定作物育种目标、亲本选配、杂种后代选择,以及品种适应性鉴定等一系列基本育种环节,都具有极为重要的指导意义。因此品种生态类型的研究,日益引起育种工作者的关注。本文在前人研究的基础上,给出了生态型基本特征和可变特征的含义,并给出了区分它们的初步的统计方法——单变量分析法和多变量分析法。单变量分析法运用方差分析和多重比较来判断品种性状的区分能力,以确定性状的稳定性,运用 Nair 水平分组法给出各性状的定量的区分类型。多变量分析法运用 R 型因子分析来判断品种生态型的基本特征和可变特征。相关矩阵的第一主成分代表品种生态型的基本特征,第二、第三等主成份代表生态型的可变特征。按主日子进行聚类来区分生态型的亚型。运用 Q 型因子分析判断生态地区的代表品种。多变量分析方法比单变量分析方法获得的信息丰富、集中,且便于分类和解释。
The basic characteristics and evolution of crop ecotypes are of great importance to the development of a series of basic breeding links such as crop breeding objectives, parent matching, selection of hybrid offspring, and variety adaptability. Therefore, the research on ecotypes of varieties has aroused more and more attention of breeding workers. Based on the previous studies, this paper gives the meanings of ecotype basic features and variable features, and gives the primary statistical methods to distinguish them - univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis using variance analysis and multiple comparisons to determine the ability to distinguish the traits of traits in order to determine the stability of traits, the use of Nair level grouping method to give a quantitative distinction between the types of traits. Multivariate analysis uses R-factor analysis to determine the basic and variable characteristics of the ecotypes. The first principal component of the correlation matrix represents the basic characteristics of the species ecotype, and the second and third principal components represent the ecotype variable features. According to the main days of clustering to distinguish between the ecological subtypes. Use Q Factor Analysis to Determine Representative Varieties in Ecological Regions. Multivariate analysis is more informative, focused and easier to categorize and interpret than the information obtained from univariate analysis.