Gp96,a member of HSP90 family,is a versatile molecular chaperone with various newly-discovered functions,for example to serve as a low affinity,high capacity calcium binding protein,a natural adjuvant for therapeutic cancer vaccines,a tumor rejection antigen,an immune regulator to pathological cell death.Its multi-functional and structural characteristics make it also an interesting target to develop antibody-based therapeutics.However,its low immunogenicity to mice,because of its high-sequence similarity among different species,is an obstacle to obtain valuable monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).This is a common problem for any low immunogenic proteins,whose sequences share close identity between mice and other species.Here,a new strategy of priming was employed by swine endogenous full-length gp96 and then boosting by E.coli-system heterologously expressed gp96 N-terminal fragment (N-355) to generate MAbs.Twelve different highly-specific MAbs against swine/human endogenous gp96 were successfully obtained.The binding activities of these MAbs were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Western blot (WB),immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis.This provides some important reagents for further research and potential therapeutics.The methods employed can be used for MAb production of any sequence-highly-conserved proteins between mice and swine/human (or any other species).