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任何处于现代化过程中的国家都面临着财富再分配,尤其是土地财富再分配的问题。国家征收是以法治手段解决此问题的有效方式之一。在美国,国家征收以宪法为基础被纳入到法治化的轨道,并且征收法的现代化与美国国家的现代化几乎同步。美国的征收法表现出独特的变迁过程,即法院在征收法的现代化中发挥了中心作用,发展并丰富了以宪法为核心,以制定法为渊源的征收法本体。在此过程中,法院充分发挥其司法功能,有效地整合了国家、社会和个人的利益,不仅实现了征收法的现代化,还保证了在现有秩序中实现土地财富的再分配。文章认为,美国的经验为我国征收法律制度的建设提供了有益的参考,尤其是以司法功能为中心的制度发展模式,可以最大限度地实现制定法的有效性,以保证财富再分配的有序进行。
Any country in the process of modernization faces the problem of redistribution of wealth, especially the redistribution of land wealth. State collection is one of the effective ways to solve this problem by the rule of law. In the United States, the state’s collection is incorporated into the orbit of the rule of law on the basis of the Constitution, and the modernization of the collection law is almost in synch with the modernization of the United States. The law of expropriation in the United States shows a unique process of change. That is, the court has played a central role in the modernization of the law of expropriation and has developed and enriched the body of expropriation law that takes the Constitution as the core and the statutory law as the source. In this process, the court gave full play to its judicial function and effectively integrated the interests of the state, society and individuals. It not only realized the modernization of expropriation law but also ensured the redistribution of land wealth in the existing order. The article holds that the experience of the United States provides a useful reference for the construction of the legal system of expropriation in our country. In particular, the institutional development model centered on the judicial function can maximize the effectiveness of statutory law and ensure the orderly distribution of wealth get on.