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夹具及垫板的拘束作用对被焊平板试样残余应力与变形的演变历程具有重要影响。将夹具和垫板作为弹塑性体包含到焊接数值模拟模型中,采用4种模型模拟夹具及垫板与被焊平板试样之间的相互作用,能够提高焊接数值模拟研究方法的科学性和准确性.数值模拟结果表明,夹具拘束作用的不同处理方式对平板试样焊后残余应力分布与变形趋势有重要影响,不同拘束条件下的平板试样残余变形模拟结果,与平板试样在自由状态下和夹具夹持状态下焊接实验获得的变形趋势均一致,在焊接过程初期阶段,平板试样上下表面的横向应力分布差异,对决定平板试样的残余变形趋势有重要影响。
The restraining action of the fixture and the backing plate has an important influence on the evolution of the residual stress and deformation of the welded plate specimen. The fixture and the pad are included in the welding numerical simulation model as the elastic-plastic body. Using four models to simulate the interaction between the fixture and the plate and the sample to be welded, it is possible to improve the scientific and accurate welding numerical simulation research method The results of numerical simulation show that the different restraint modes of the fixture have an important influence on the post-weld residual stress distribution and the deformation trend of the flat specimen. The simulation results of the residual deformation of the flat specimen under different restraint conditions are in good agreement with those of the flat specimen in the free state Under the condition of clamping, the deformation trend of welding experiment is consistent. In the initial stage of welding process, the difference of lateral stress distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat specimen has an important influence on the residual deformation trend of the flat specimen.