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各种环境的碳酸盐沉积物几乎都是生物或生物化学成因的。而生物之中又以藻类最为活跃和普遍。藻类可以形成碳酸盐沉积物中的颗粒、灰泥,也可以成为胶结物或起粘结作用。总之,是由于藻类营光合作用消耗二氧化碳使碳酸钙得以沉淀下来。藻类中又以蓝藻(或称蓝绿藻)最为常见,从震旦纪开始经历各个地质时代,直到现代分布仍十分广泛。蓝藻与其它骨骼钙藻不同,不能在死亡后直接保存成化石,而是通过造岩作用和粘结作用留下其生命活动的遗迹。因此加拿大J.D.Aitken主张将这种藻称为隐藻类。
Almost all carbonate sediments of various environments are biologically or biochemically causative. In biology, algae are the most active and common. Algae can form particles in the carbonate sediment, stucco, can also become a cement or play a role in bonding. In short, it is due to the photosynthesis of algae camping consumption of carbon dioxide to precipitate calcium carbonate down. Cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae) are the most common species in algae. They have experienced various geological ages since the Sinian and are still widely distributed in modern times. Unlike other skeletal and calcareous algae, cyanobacteria can not be directly preserved as fossils after death but leave traces of their life through rock-forming and binding. Therefore, J.D.Aitken, Canada, advocates the algae as algae.