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德国中等教育结构多轨制度的去留是近年来德国基础教育改革的重要议题之一。对于提早分流的传统,坚持和反对的双方各有理由,争议不断,在实践领域情况亦十分复杂。2009年,马克思普朗克研究所发表一项研究成果,通过确切的数据考察学生阅读和数学能力在六年制小学和四年制小学-文科中学两种教育选择下是否存在发展方面的差异,进而比较两种教育结构的优劣利弊及其对教育公平的影响,为教育决策提供依据。在分析过程中,研究者运用倾向得分匹配方法(PropensityScoreMatching,PSM),尽可能排除被调查对象自身的特征对结果的影响,较为准确地检验了不同类型的学校对学生阅读、数学能力的提升效果,方法精当,结论严谨,值得借鉴。
The removal of the multi-track system of the structure of secondary education in Germany is one of the important topics in the reform of basic education in Germany in recent years. The two sides, which persist in and oppose the tradition of early diversion, have their own reasons and disputes constantly. The situation in practice is also very complicated. In 2009, the Max Planck Institute published a study that examined whether there are any differences in the development of students’ reading and math ability under the two education options of six-year primary school and four-year primary school-liberal arts middle school. Then compare the pros and cons of the two educational structures and their impact on educational equity to provide the basis for education decision-making. In the process of analysis, the researchers used Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to exclude the influence of the characteristics of the respondents on the results as much as possible and more accurately test the effect of different types of schools on students’ reading and mathematical abilities , Method is precise, the conclusion is rigorous, it is worth learning from.