前言残余应力对疲劳的影响是长期以来人们十分关注的课题,因为人们逐渐认识到许多疲劳现象都与残余应力相关。例如疲劳裂纹的形成与扩展、少数极高应力、平均应力、加载次序、裂纹迟滞效应、缺口应力集中等都与残余应力有密切关系。残余应力是影响疲劳的一个重要因素。因此,弄清残余应力的大小和分布,以及残余应力与上述疲劳现象之间的关系,对于评价结构的疲劳强 Preface The impact of residual stress on fatigue is a topic of great concern for a long time because people are gradually realizing that many fatigue phenomena are related to residual stress. For example, fatigue crack formation and expansion, a few extremely high stress, average stress, loading order, crack hysteresis effect, notch stress concentration are closely related with the residual stress. Residual stress is an important factor affecting fatigue. Therefore, to clarify the size and distribution of residual stress, as well as residual stress and the relationship between the above fatigue phenomenon, for the evaluation of structural fatigue