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卡氏肺囊虫是迄今文献报道中最令人迷惑和难以预测的感染因子之一。本文将根据事实和假说讨论本病的某些问题,并特别着重于诊断和概念。一、传统概念和诊断方法直至不久前,普遍认为除免疫障碍病人外,患本病者极少见,且无严重后果。至1977年尚未能由试管繁殖卡氏肺囊虫,此后有几个实验室在这方面取得成功,但对诊断尚无直接帮助。已发展了一些在外周血循环中测定肺囊虫抗原和抗体的方法。
Pneumocystis carinii has so far been one of the most confusing and unpredictable infectious agents in the literature. This article will discuss some of the problems of this disease based on facts and hypotheses, with special emphasis on diagnostics and concepts. I. CONCEPT OF THE TRADITIONAL CONCEPT AND DIAGNOSIS Until recently it was generally agreed that patients with this disease were rare and had no serious consequences except for patients with immunodeficiency disorders. Until 1977, Pneumocystis carinii had not yet been developed in vitro and several laboratories have succeeded in this area since then, but there is no direct aid in the diagnosis. Some methods of measuring Pneumocystis antigens and antibodies in the peripheral circulation have been developed.