一、语言与文化“语言是文化的重要载体。”由于文化是一个社会范畴的概念,人类学家将之定义为:民族的生活方式,习惯的行为模式、态度及物质、精神成果。因此,文化不仅包括人类社会的物质产物,也包括思想、习惯、生活模式及语言等非物质的东西。语言是文化的一部分,并对文化起着重要的作用。没有语言就没有文化,而语言又受文化的影响,反映文化,所以,语言与文化是不可分割的。近几十年来,语言学家们已意识到,语言除了语音、词汇、语法等结构规则外,还有使用规则,即语言的社会功能,它决定语言是否得到恰当地使用。因此,掌握语法知识只能帮助我们造出结构正确的句子,要想使语言达到 I. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE “Language is an important carrier of culture.” Since culture is a concept of a social category, anthropologists define it as: a national way of life, a habitual pattern of behavior, attitudes and material and spiritual achievements. Therefore, culture includes not only the material products of human society, but also immaterial things such as thoughts, habits, life styles and languages. Language is part of culture and plays an important role in culture. Without language there is no culture, and language is affected by culture, reflecting culture, therefore, language and culture are inseparable. In recent decades, linguists have realized that in addition to the structural rules of speech, vocabulary and grammar, there are rules of using, the social function of language, which determines whether language is properly used. Therefore, knowing grammatical knowledge can only help us to make sentences with the correct structure. If we want to make the language reach