The development of notions about the mechanism of the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over oxide catalysts and corresponding progress in its kinetic description are reviewed and discussed. The latter becomes essential at the stage of scaling up and optimization of the process in pilot and industrial reactors. It is demonstrated that the main achievements in the development of kinetic models can be reached by combining the approaches conventionally used in homo-geneous gas-phase kinetics and in heterogeneous catalysis. In partic-ular,some important features of the OCM process can be described if several elementary reactions of free radical species (formation and transformation) with surface active sites are included into the detailed scheme of methane oxidation in gas. However,some important fea-tures,such as a non-additive character of the reciprocal influence of methane and ethane in the case of their simultaneous presence in the reaction mixture,cannot yet be described and comprehended in the framework of schemes developed so far. Possible ways towards an advanced kinetic model,accounting the main principles of catalyst functioning (redox nature of active sites) and pathways of product formation (via free radicals) are traced.