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野生小麦及其近缘属种质一直是改良栽培小麦有益变异的重要来源.印度旁遮普农业大学(PAU)大约收集了11 000个小麦种质样本,其中包括栽培普通小麦、硬粒小麦、小黑麦、野生小麦〔野生一粒小麦(T. boeoticum)、野生二粒小麦(T.dicoccoides)等〕及其近缘属〔山羊草属(Aegilops)、冰草属(Agropyron)、黑麦属(Secale)等〕,以及通过不同的国际来源得到的外源附加系和代换系.在大田人工接种条件下,不同年份和不同地区签订了这些种质对小麦锈病、白粉病、印度腥黑穗病利叶斑病的抗性.签定了许多种对各种病害和非生物胁迫具有抗性的有益变异.由单个显性基田控制的一粒小麦(T. monococcum)对除草剂异丙隆(isoproturon)的抗性被导入到敏感的硬粒小麦(T. durum)中.阿拉拉特小麦(T. araraticum)对锈病的抗性被导入到普通小麦(T.aestivum)中.一粒小麦、野生一粒小麦和方穗山羊草(Aegilops squarrso)对印度腥穗病(Tilletia indica)的抗性保存在其与硬粒小麦栽培种杂交产生的双倍体子代中,本文评估了小麦及其近缘种野生种质广泛收集样本对各种病害和非生物胁迫的抗性签定以及它们在小麦改良中的应用情况.
Wild wheat and its related germplasm have been a significant source of beneficial variation in improved cultivated wheat. India’s Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) collected approximately 11,000 wheat germplasm samples, including cultivated common wheat, durum wheat, black Wheat, wild wheat [T. boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, etc.] and its related genera [Aegilops, Agropyron, Secale, etc.], as well as exogenous addition lines and substitutional lines obtained from different international sources. Under artificial inoculation conditions in the fields, different years and different regions have signed these germplasms to treat wheat rust, powdery mildew, There are many beneficial mutations that are resistant to various disease and abiotic stresses, and a monocotyledonous crop of monocotyledonous monocotyledon (T. monococcum) Resistance to isoproturon was introduced into T. durum, and resistance to rust was introduced into T. aestivum by T. araraticum. Wheat, wild wheat and Aegilops spp quarrso) was resistant to Tilletia indica in the diploid progeny resulting from its crossbreeding with Durum wheat cultivars. This article assesses the results of extensive collection of samples from wild and germplasm Resistance to disease and abiotic stress and their application in wheat improvement.