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近场是指高物体表面波长范围量级内的电磁场，除包括熟知的传导波以外，还包括强度随着距离增加呈指数衰减的衰逝彼。普通光学显微镜探测的是远场，其中仅含传导波，故只能获得表面粗结构的信息，近场光学显微镜的原理是利用探针深入到样品表面据测衰逝波，从而达到超衍射极限?
Near-field refers to the electromagnetic field of the order of magnitude of the surface wavelength of a high object, including, in addition to the well-known transmitted waves, decaying exponentially with increasing intensity as the distance increases. Ordinary optical microscope to detect the far field, which contains only conductive waves, it can only get the surface roughness of the information, the principle of near-field optical microscope is to use the probe into the sample surface measured evanescent waves, so as to achieve super-diffraction limit ?