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背景:依恋是儿童早期社会性情绪的反映,在个体的发展中具有重要地位。婴幼儿所依恋的对象主要是母亲,也可以是别的抚养者或与其联系密切的人。目的:了解广东省婴幼儿对母亲的依恋性质及影响因素。设计:抽样调查。单位:中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼系。对象:随机抽取2002-08/10到广东省妇幼保健院儿保科保健的75名正常婴幼儿及其母亲进行测试。方法:采用陌生情境测量法由经过统一培训的6名研究人员集中统一观看录像,对婴幼儿的依恋性质进行测评,据其在各情节中的表现进行归类,评定者一致性系数为0.90。对不一致的评定,研究人员一起重新核查录像带,经讨论取得一致意见。并采用自行设计的问卷对其母亲进行问卷调查,了解婴幼儿的一般情况和各种家庭因素资料。主要观察指标:①婴幼儿依恋类型的构成比。②婴幼儿依恋性质的影响因素分析。结果:75名正常婴幼儿及其母亲均进行结果分析。①婴幼儿依恋类型的构成比:75名婴幼儿中,安全依恋型占65%,不安全型占35%,其中淡漠型为18%,缠人型为13%,混乱型为4%。②婴幼儿依恋性质的影响因素分析:月龄越小、接近性(孩子对陌生人、新环境、新事物的反应)越差、孩子与代养人的关系越亲密、家庭成员教育孩子意见越不一致婴幼儿的依恋性质越倾向于不安全型。结论:婴幼儿的依恋类型以安全型为主,他们的依恋类型安全与否,主要与孩子机体成熟水平、气质特点、孩子与代养人关系及父母对孩子的教养方式有关。
Background: Attachment is a reflection of early childhood social emotions and plays an important role in the development of an individual. Infants and young children are mainly attached to the object of mothers, but also other dependents or close associates. Objective: To understand the nature of infants and young children’s attachment to mothers in Guangdong Province and its influencing factors. Design: sample survey. Unit: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 75 normal infants and their mothers who were admitted to Guangdong Provincial MCH Care Center from August 2002 to October 10 were tested. Methods: Using unfamiliar situation measurement method, six researchers who had been trained in a unified way were concentrated and watched videos to evaluate the attachment characteristics of infants and children. According to their performance in each episode, the consistency coefficient was 0.90. For inconsistent assessments, the researchers re-examined the videotape and agreed upon the discussion. And use their own questionnaires designed to carry out a questionnaire survey of their mothers to understand the general situation of infants and young children and various family factors information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Composition ratio of infant attachment type. ② Factors influencing attachment characteristics of infants and young children. Results: 75 normal infants and their mothers were analyzed. ① The composition ratio of infants and young children’s attachment type: Among 75 infants and young children, safe attachment accounted for 65% and insecurity accounted for 35%, of which indifference was 18%, entangled 13% and confusion 4%. ② Factors influencing the attachment of infants and young children: The younger the age, the closer the child (to the stranger, the new environment, the reaction of the new things), the closer the relationship between the child and the adopter, the more the family members educate their children Inconsistent Infants and children’s attachment to the nature of the more inclined to unsafe. Conclusion: The type of attachment of infants and young children is mainly of safety type. The safety of their attachment type is mainly related to their maturity level, temperament, relationship between children and adoptive parents, and parental rearing styles.