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小麦白粉病现已成为全国性甚至世界性主要病害之一,也是目前危害宁夏小麦生产的主要病害。通过对宁夏主栽及新培育的25份春小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状、品质性状与白粉病发生的分析研究,了解白粉病发生对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响,尤其对小麦品质的影响程度。结果表明:白粉病防治对提高小麦产量、改善小麦品质起到了明显的作用。其中,小麦平均增产17.8%,千粒重增加11.8%;蛋白质含量平均提高3.4%,湿面筋含量平均增加2.8%,籽粒硬度平均增加12.5%,沉降值平均增加17.1%。培育和使用抗病品种是防治小麦白粉病最经济、有效的措施,也是综合治理小麦白粉病的基本措施。
Wheat powdery mildew has now become one of the major national and even worldwide diseases, and is also the major disease currently affecting the wheat production in Ningxia. The main agronomic traits, quality traits and occurrence of powdery mildew in 25 spring wheat cultivars (lines) cultivated and newly cultivated in Ningxia were analyzed to understand the effect of powdery mildew on the grain yield and quality of wheat, especially on the quality of wheat . The results showed that the control of powdery mildew played a significant role in improving wheat yield and improving wheat quality. Among them, the wheat yield increased 17.8% on average and the grain weight increased 11.8%; the content of protein increased 3.4% on average, the average content of wet gluten increased 2.8%, the average hardness increased about 12.5% and the average sedimentation increased 17.1%. Cultivating and using disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control wheat powdery mildew and the basic measure to comprehensively control wheat powdery mildew.