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目的 探讨颅内动静脉畸形 (arteriovenousmal formation ,AVM)动物模型的制作与其在栓塞研究中的应用。 方法 以中国实验小型猪 (ChineseExperimentalMini pigs,CEMPs)颅底微血管网 (retemirabile ,ReM)为AVM的畸形团 ,经右颈动静脉吻合并结扎右颈外动脉等建立AVM动物模型 ,用α 氢基丙烯酸正丁酯 (NBCA)胶和Embosphere颗粒分别栓塞 ,模型建立和栓塞前后行血管造影 ,并取栓塞组织(ReM)、颈动静脉吻合口和脑做组织病理学检查。结合造影影像和组织病理学发现 ,探索模型的应用、颈动静脉吻合口的闭塞原因和模型改进方法。 结果 在 7只CEMPs中成功制作了AVM动物模型 ,该模型在血管结构、造影影像、栓塞表现和栓塞后病理改变上与人脑AVM的相似。 4只动物颈动静脉吻合口血管腔内有血栓形成 ,其余 3只吻合口血管塌陷皱缩 ,腔内无血栓。死亡动物脑组织病理表现为缺血性梗塞。 结论 尽管本方法对于建立颅内AVM动物模型更简单可行 ,适用于栓塞材料的栓塞研究和介入医师的培训 ,但该模型仍为急性期模型 ,其应用十分有限。如何防止模型动静脉吻合口的闭塞和让动物能够耐受栓塞 ,需要进一步的研究。
Objective To explore the animal model of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and its application in embolization. Methods The animal model of AVM was established by anastomosis of Chinese experimental mini pigs (CEMPs) with retemirabile (ReM) as AVM, anastomosis of right carotid artery and ligation of the right external carotid artery. The α-hydroxy acrylic acid NBCA glue and Embosphere granules were respectively embolized. The models were established and embolized before and after angiography, and embolization tissue (ReM), carotid artery anastomosis and brain histopathological examination. Combined with angiography and histopathology, explore the application of the model, causes of occlusion of carotid artery anastomosis and model improvement methods. Results The AVM animal model was successfully established in seven CEMPs. The model is similar to human AVM in vascular structure, radiography, embolism and pathological changes after embolism. Four animals had thrombosis in the lumen of the carotid artery anastomosis, and the remaining three anastomotic vessels collapsed and collapsed, leaving no thrombus in the lumen. Cerebral histopathology of ischemic animals showed ischemic infarction. Conclusion Although this method is more simple and feasible for the establishment of an animal model of intracranial AVM, it is suitable for the study of embolization of embolic material and training of interventional physicians. However, this model is still an acute phase model and its application is very limited. How to prevent occlusion of the model anastomotic anastomosis and let animals tolerate embolism need further study.