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为利用城市林木枯落物和河道底泥堆肥生产有机肥,设计城市林木枯落物和经加粉煤灰钝化处理的河道底泥5种不同比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1和3∶1)的高温堆肥试验,测定堆肥过程中堆温、pH、有机质和C/N的动态变化,以及这5种配方堆肥产物的种子发芽指数。结果显示,堆温和pH均呈先升高后下降的趋势,3∶1配比的升温迅速、高温期维持时间最长(5d);堆肥结束时,各处理均达到腐熟,pH值在7.47~8.87,有机质分别下降了36%,38%,42%,33%和29%,城市林木枯落物比例增加有利于减少有机质损失;由于底泥的C/N较低,增加枯落物有助于提高堆肥效率;处理组1、4和5的种子发芽率分别在26、18和19 d达80%以上,而处理组2和3直至堆肥结束其种子发芽率仍小于80%。综合考虑堆肥质量和效率,底泥和城市林木枯落物3∶1的处理为规模化生产有机肥的适宜原料比例。
In order to make use of urban forest litter and sediment compost to produce organic fertilizer, the urban forest litter and the river sediment with passivation of fly ash were designed at five different ratios (1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 2: 1 and 3: 1), and the dynamic changes of reactor temperature, pH, organic matter and C / N during composting were measured, and the seed germination index of these five kinds of formula compost products were determined. The results showed that both the pH and temperature of the composting increased first and then decreased, and the ratio of 3: 1 increased quickly and maintained at the longest temperature for 5 days. At the end of composting, 8.87, organic matter decreased by 36%, 38%, 42%, 33% and 29%, respectively. Increasing the proportion of forest tree litter in urban areas was helpful to reduce the loss of organic matter. As litter C / N was lower, The results showed that the seed germination rate of treatments 1, 4 and 5 were more than 80% at 26, 18 and 19 days, respectively, while those of treatments 2 and 3 were less than 80% at the end of composting. Considering the quality and efficiency of compost, the ratio of sediment and urban forest litter 3: 1 is the appropriate ratio of raw materials for large-scale production of organic fertilizer.