目的了解下呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性。方法对痰标本进行培养、鉴定及药敏试验,结果采用whonet5.4软件进行分析。结果297例阳性标本中革兰阴性杆菌218例,占73.4%,以铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌为主,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs的比例分别为41.8%、46.2%。革兰阳性球菌79例,占26.6%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为63.1%。病原菌对大多数常用抗生素的耐药率超过30%,大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林耐药率为100%。结论引起下呼吸道感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,耐药现象严重,病原菌分布及耐药性监测对指导临床合理选用抗生素,降低细菌耐药率,减少院内感染有重要意义。 Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods Sputum samples were cultured, identified and susceptibility test, the results were analyzed using whonet5.4 software. Results Among 297 positive specimens, 218 were Gram-negative bacilli (73.4%), mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The rates of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 41.8% , 46.2%. Gram-positive cocci 79 cases, accounting for 26.6%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection rate of 63.1%. The rate of resistance to most commonly used antibiotics was more than 30% and the rate of Escherichia coli to ampicillin was 100%. Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infection, and the drug resistance is serious. The distribution of pathogens and the monitoring of drug resistance are of great significance in guiding the rational selection of antibiotics, reducing the rate of bacterial resistance and reducing the nosocomial infection.