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土壤氮磷淋失是农业面源污染的一种重要形式。以亚热带稻田为研究对象,采用陶土头定位观测法比较研究了施肥对稻田土壤氮(N)磷(P)淋失特征的影响。2010—2011年连续近2年的试验结果表明,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,施肥会显著增加稻田土壤N、P的淋失。稻田土壤N的淋失形态有显著差异(P<0.05),水稻生长期(4—10月)淹水条件下淋失形态主要为NH4+-N,而闲田期(10—翌年3月)非淹水条件下则主要为NO3--N。这与土壤通气状况的变化有密切关系。研究区10—12月(闲田期)稻田P的淋失明显高于其他时期,是稻田土壤P淋失的主要阶段。控制土壤N、P累积是降低稻田土壤N、P淋失的重要途径。
Soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching is an important form of agricultural non-point source pollution. Taking the subtropical paddy fields as the research object, the effects of fertilization on the leaching characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in paddy soil were compared by using the clay head positioning observation method. The results of two consecutive years in 2010-2011 showed that fertilization significantly increased N and P leaching in paddy soils compared with non-fertilization control (CK). The leaching patterns of soil N in paddy soil were significantly different (P <0.05). The leaching patterns of paddy soil in flooding condition during the growing season (April-October) were mainly NH4 + -N, while the paddy field (10- March) Under flooding conditions are mainly NO3 - N. This is closely related to the change of soil aeration. The leaching loss of P in the paddy field from October to December in the study area was significantly higher than that in other periods, which was the main stage of P leaching in paddy soil. Control of soil N, P accumulation is to reduce paddy soil N, P leaching an important way.