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1 山地流域降水的去向 流域的降雨、融雪水的一部分,首先集中于流域低处,以后即成为小溪和河川的径流。 对于没有植被覆盖的流域,降雨时(包括融雪水)形成径流的主要过程如下: 落到流域地表的雨水,其中一部分沿低凹处,直接汇入溪沟径流地表流出。其余部分渗入土壤中,沿着土层不同密度的层面向低处移动,其中一部分流入溪河(中间流出)。地表径流与表层径流,在降雨中和降雨后流向河川构成洪水流量。当然在此期间部分土壤中的水份被保留下来,或通过地表面的蒸发作用,重返大气。
1 MOUNTAINS IN MOUNTAIN DROUGHT In the drainage basin, part of rainfall and snowmelt water are firstly concentrated in the lower part of the river basin and later become the runoff of streams and rivers. For watersheds without vegetation cover, the main process of runoff during rainfall (including snowmelt water) is as follows: Rainwater falling onto the surface of the river basin, some of which flow along the low valleys and flow directly into the surface of the stream. The rest infiltrates into the soil and moves downwards along different densities of the soil layer, some of which flow into the river (middle outflow). Surface runoff and surface runoff, which flow into the river during rainfall and after rainfall, constitute flood flows. Of course during this period some of the soil’s moisture is either retained or returned to the atmosphere by evaporation from the surface.