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一、填空: (一)传染病流行过程的三个基本环节:1.传染源。2.传播途径。3.易感人群。 (二)影响传染病流行过程的因素:1.自然因素。2.社会因素。 (三)传染病的预防:1.控制传染源。2.切断传播途径。3.保护易感人群。 (四)乙型肝炎病毒的三大抗原抗体:1.HBsAg与抗HBs。2.HBcAg与抗HBc。3.HBeAg与抗HBe。二、解释下列名词: 1.毒血症:指病原体在体内生长繁殖或死亡时,所产生的代谢产物或分解产物等所组成的内毒素或外毒素,不断进入血流引起全身功能紊乱及中毒性病理变化。 2.菌血症:指细菌或其他病原体进入血流,在血液中短暂停留但不繁殖,并不久即由于人体的免疫作用,病原体被吞噬消灭,而自血内消失。但亦可较长
First, fill in the blanks: (A) of the epidemiological process of infectious diseases in three basic areas: 1. Infection source. 2. The route of transmission. 3. Susceptible people. (B) of the factors that affect the epidemic of infectious diseases: 1. Natural factors. 2. Social factors. (C) prevention of infectious diseases: 1. Control of sources of infection. 2. Cut off the route of transmission. 3. Protect susceptible people. (D) of the three major antigens of hepatitis B virus antibodies: 1. HBsAg and anti-HBs. 2. HBcAg and anti-HBc. 3. HBeAg and anti-HBe. Second, explain the following terms: 1 toxemia: Refers to pathogens in the body when the growth or reproduction, the resulting metabolites or decomposition products, such as the composition of endotoxin or exotoxin, into the bloodstream caused by systemic dysfunction and in Toxic pathological changes. Bacteremia: Bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream, stay in the blood for a short time but do not breed, and soon because of the body’s immune function, the pathogen is swallowed to eliminate, but disappeared from the blood. But it can be longer