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1991年6、7月间,太湖地区遭受特大洪涝灾害,受灾面积达3309km~2,直接经济损失达106亿元。梅雨暴雨是造成这次洪灾的直接原因,短时间内,降雨量达899mm,为100—200年一遇,超过该地区的承受能力。人类活动对加重灾情亦有着重要影响,包括:围垦与泥沙淤积,使河湖调蓄功能下降;太湖出口河道74.6％被封淤堵死,致使太湖水位达4.79m,超过历史最高记录;圩外面积减少及城市化发展等。治理对策包括充分发挥河湖调蓄功能;合理安排圩外调蓄流量,打通骨干排水河道及城市防洪系统建设等。
In June and July 1991, the Taihu Lake region suffered from catastrophic flood disasters, affecting a total area of 3309km ~ 2 and a direct economic loss of 10.6 billion yuan. Meiyu rainstorm is the direct cause of this flood. In a short period of time, the rainfall reached 899mm, which was once in 100-200 years, exceeding the capacity of the region. Human activities also have an important impact on aggravating the disaster. These include reclamation and sedimentation, which have led to a decrease in the regulation and control functions of rivers and lakes; 74.6% of the export channels in Taihu Lake have been blocked by sealing silt, resulting in a water level of 4.79m in Taihu Lake, exceeding the record high; External area reduction and urbanization development. The management countermeasures include giving full play to the regulation and control functions of rivers and lakes; properly arranging the discharge of floodwater from outside the flood control system and opening up the backbone drainage channels and the urban flood control system construction.