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放射治疗是生物医学中治疗恶性肿瘤的一种重要手段。放射治疗采用高剂量、高穿透性的X射线、γ射线以及电子光子束辐照癌变的肿瘤细胞,通过破坏其脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)而将其杀死或破坏。但是,较高的放射剂量和较长的治疗时间会对生命体产生极大的生物毒性。为降低放射治疗的生物毒性,减弱放射治疗带来的副作用,靶向放射治疗成为放射治疗研究的热点。纳米金颗粒具备优异的辐射敏化性质和光学性质,同时兼具良好的生物相容性,因此纳米金协助的放射治疗迅速成为靶向治疗的重要发展方向。在体外以及前临床试验中,基于纳米金的多功能纳米体系,有效提高了肿瘤治愈率、降低了毒副作用并延长了病人的存活时间。本文总结了在靶向治疗中多功能纳米金体系的设计思路,重点综述了纳米金体系在体外实验及前临床实验中实际应用效果,并对其发展方向进行了展望。
Radiation therapy is an important means of biomedical treatment of malignant tumors. Radiation therapy irradiates cancerous tumor cells with high-dose, highly penetrating X-rays, gamma rays and electron photons, killing or destroying their daunorubicin by destroying their DNA. However, higher doses of radiation and longer treatment times have a great biological toxicity to living beings. In order to reduce the biological toxicity of radiation therapy and reduce the side effects caused by radiation therapy, targeted radiation therapy has become a hot research topic in radiation therapy. Nano gold particles with excellent radiation sensitivity and optical properties, combined with good biocompatibility, so nano-gold-assisted radiation therapy quickly become an important target for the development of targeted therapy. In vitro and pre-clinical trials, nano-gold-based multi-functional nano-system, effectively improve the cure rate of the tumor, reduce the side effects and prolong the survival time of patients. This article summarizes the design ideas of multifunctional nano-gold system in targeted therapy, highlights the practical application of nano-gold system in vitro and in pre-clinical experiments, and prospects its development.