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一、前言污染在任何物体表面都存在,污染对那些物体表面预期达到的功能是有害的。空间飞行器表面若出现污染,就有可能引起它的性能下降,影响它的精度、寿命与飞行效果。在飞行器上出现的污染,虽然与总的飞行任务失败不是同一概念;但是,它却是飞行器系统性能下降或产生故障的一个根源之一。当飞行器变得更灵敏、更复杂,要求的工作时间更长时,对飞行器表面的污染进行测试并且控制其污染,就显得非常重要。为了提高飞行器的飞行效能,保证完成飞行任务及延长飞行寿命,美国有关单位对飞行器的污染问题进行了一系列研究,并采取了一些措施。本文主要介绍伽利略木星轨道飞行器的污染预测以及为了确定飞行器污染及其影响而进行的测试,另外还介绍了减少飞行器污染而采取的措施。
I. INTRODUCTION Pollution exists on the surface of any object, and pollution is detrimental to the intended function of those surfaces. If there is pollution on the spacecraft surface, it may cause its performance to decline, affecting its accuracy, life expectancy and flight effects. Contamination on board an aircraft, albeit not the same concept as the total mission failure, is one of the causes of aircraft system performance degradation or failure. As aircraft become more sensitive, more complex and require longer hours of operation, it is important to test the contamination of the aircraft surface and to control its contamination. In order to improve the flight efficiency of the aircraft, to ensure the completion of the mission and to extend the flight life, a series of studies were conducted by the relevant U.S. agencies on the pollution of the aircraft and some measures were taken. This article describes the Pollution Prediction of the Galileo Jupiter Orbiting Vehicle and the tests conducted to determine the effects of the aircraft pollution and their effects. The measures taken to reduce the pollution of the aircraft are also introduced.