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X射线显微术可直接在水环境中对胶体颗粒尺寸范围内的颗粒进行高分辨率成像,将该项技术与高分辨率光谱相结合,还可用于光谱显微研究。其中,常用的两种X射线显微镜是透射显微镜和扫描透射显微镜,文中示出了它们的装置图。由于X射线显微镜能迅速拍下一物体的高分辨率图像,所以,作为一种分析仪器,扫描X射线显微镜更适合作光谱显微研究。作为形态学目视化的一个示例,本文用一台透射X射线显微镜拍摄了粘土和土壤样品的图像。根据X射线图像进行的低温层析实验所获得的图像得到了有关细菌构成的显微生存环境以及其它土壤胶状体的3D结构信息。对扫描透射X射线显微镜拍摄的一系列图像进行分析,得到了土壤样品的形貌特性和化学特性。
X-ray microscopy enables high-resolution imaging of particles in a colloidal particle size directly in aqueous environments, combining the technique with high-resolution spectroscopy and spectroscopic microscopy. Among them, the two commonly used X-ray microscopes are transmission microscopes and scanning transmission microscopes, and their device diagrams are shown. Because X-ray microscopes can quickly take a high-resolution image of an object, scanning X-ray microscopy is more suitable as a spectroscopic study as an analytical instrument. As an example of morphological visualization, images of clay and soil samples were taken using a transmission X-ray microscope. Images obtained from cryogenic tomographic experiments of X-ray images obtained information on the microscopic living environment of the bacteria and the 3D structure of other soil jelly bodies. A series of images taken by scanning transmission X-ray microscope were analyzed, and the morphological and chemical characteristics of soil samples were obtained.