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目的通过对各种急性中毒性疾病的流行病学回顾调查,分析其特点,以便更好地提高控制和救治中毒的能力。方法蚌埠医学院第一附属医院急诊内科病房成立1年来收治的急性中毒患者,对患者年龄、性别、职业、中毒途径、毒物种类、中毒规律、中毒并发多器官功能衰竭(MOF)及其预后进行临床分析。结果 375例急性中毒患者女性多于男性(1.53∶1);年龄以20~49岁最多(66.4%);职业分布以农民最多(92.53%),其次为城市居民(4.53%)、工人(2.13%)、学生(0.81%);口服自杀是主要原因,少数为误服或皮肤接触中毒;毒物种类以农药为主,百草枯、有机磷及其他低毒类的除草剂占居前3位;发病季节以6,7,8,9月份最多;其中71例发生MOF(18.93%);MOF的原发病因,主要为百草枯中毒(70.42%),其次为有机磷中毒(15.49%);375例急性中毒治愈191例(50.93%)、好转117例(31.2%)、未愈35例(9.33%)、死亡32例(8.53%);χ2检验不同毒物种类中毒病死率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论要重视广大民众心理健康及预防保健教育,建立中毒急救的绿色通道,完善各种中毒的诊疗程序,提高医务人员的抢救水平。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of various acute toxic diseases in order to better improve their ability to control and treat poisoning. Methods Acute poisoning patients who were admitted to the Emergency Medical Ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were enrolled in this study. Their age, sex, occupation, route of poisoning, poison types, poisoning pattern, multiple organ failure (MOF) and their prognosis Clinical analysis. Results A total of 375 cases of acute poisoning were found in more women than in men (1.53:1), the highest was 66.4% (20.41 years), the second was urban residents (4.53%), the second was workers %), Students (0.81%); oral suicide was the main reason, a small number of mistaken clothes or skin contact poisoning; poisonous species mainly pesticides, paraquat, organic phosphorus and other low toxicity herbicides accounted for the top three; The morbidity season was the most in June, July, August and September. Among them, 71 cases had MOF (18.93%); the primary cause of MOF was mainly paraquat poisoning (70.42%) followed by organophosphorus poisoning (15.49%); Cases of acute poisoning were cured in 191 cases (50.93%), 117 cases (31.2%) were improved, 35 cases (9.33%) were unhealed and 32 cases died (8.53%). There was significant difference in χ2 test between different types of poisoning P <0.01). Conclusion It is necessary to attach importance to the mental health of the general public and prevention of health education, establish a green channel for first aid of poisoning, improve various procedures for diagnosis and treatment of poisoning, and improve the rescue level of medical personnel.