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目的了解哈萨克族7~18岁中小学生身高分布状况,为哈萨克族(哈族)中小学生卫生保健工作提供依据。方法采取横断面调查研究,在阿勒泰市及其所属乡镇的中小学里,用整群随机抽样方法抽取4所学校(共49个班级)。采集了7~18岁中小学生共2 493人(男生1 161例、女生1 332例)性别、出生年月资料;根据《学生体质健康标准》的操作方法测量身高。结果 7~18岁哈族男生的平均身高为(149.65±19.17)cm,身高增长了50.28 cm。哈族女生平均身高为(146.63±15.60)cm,增长了37.92 cm。与7~18岁维、汉族中小学生比较,哈族学生身高均值高于维族学生身高均值,在14岁之前低于汉族学生,之后哈族学生身高生长速度加快,接近汉族学生身高。哈、维、汉族男生生长突增分别发生在13~15、12~14、12~14岁。女生突增均发生在11~13岁。三个民族男女生生长曲线的交叉现象,哈族在10~11岁之间第一次交叉,12~13岁之间第二次交叉。汉族、维族男女生生长曲线在9~10岁之间第一次交叉,11~12岁之间第二次交叉。结论生长突增期和男女生长曲线的交叉哈族学生都比维、汉中小学生晚一年发生。
Objective To understand the height and distribution of primary and secondary school students from 7 to 18 years old in Kazak ethnic group and provide the basis for the health care work among primary and secondary school students in Kazak ethnic group. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. In the primary and secondary schools in Altay and its townships, 4 schools (49 classes in total) were selected by cluster random sampling. A total of 2 493 primary and secondary school students (1,161 boys and 1 332 girls) were collected from 7 to 18 years of age. Gender and date of birth were collected. Height was measured according to the “Students’ Physical Health Standards”. Results The average height of boys from 7 to 18 years old was (149.65 ± 19.17) cm and their height increased by 50.28 cm. The average height of Kazakh nationality girls was (146.63 ± 15.60) cm, an increase of 37.92 cm. The average height of Kazakh students was higher than the average height of Uygur students before the age of 14, and the height of Kazakh students grew faster and closer to the height of Han students. Kazakhstan, Victoria, Han sudden growth of boys occurred in 13 ~ 15, 12 ~ 14, 12 to 14 years old. Sudden increase in girls occurred in 11 to 13 years old. The cross-over phenomenon of growth curves for boys and girls of three ethnic groups saw the first crossing between the ages of 10 and 11 and the second crossing between the ages of 12 and 13. Han, Uygur boys and girls growth curve in the 9 to 10 years old first cross, 11 to 12 years old between the second cross. Conclusions The cross-Ha ethnic students in the sudden growth period and the growth curve of men and women are one year later than the primary and Han primary school students.