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【目的】为探究氮素穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥比例对水稻光合生产和产量的影响,并为水稻氮素穗肥管理提供依据,【方法】以株型和产量均存在较大差异的2个杂交中稻品种(德香4103和宜香3724)为材料,在常规施氮量(180 kg/hm2)下,研究了占总氮40%的穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥运筹比例(1∶3,2∶2,3∶1,4∶0)对水稻叶片生长、形态、光合生产及产量的影响。【结果】2个水稻品种均在低促花肥、高保花肥时(1∶3)表现出叶片直立、受光形态好,净光合速率高和群体干物质积累量大的特点,并最终获得较高产量;而在高促花肥、低保花肥下,2个水稻品种的剑叶、倒2叶叶面积和叶角增大,披垂度增加,群体质量变差,结实率和粒重下降,产量降低。德香4103因其颖花量较大,上3叶叶面积和总叶面积相对适宜,粒叶比高,且在不同穗肥运筹下叶面积和叶角变幅较小,因而受光姿态和群体质量更优,干物质积累量更大,产量更高。【结论】水稻氮素穗肥运筹应塑造良好叶片形态和群体质量,并增加花后物质积累量才能有助于产量提高;并对水稻株叶型选育进行了探讨。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertilizers and preservative fertilizers on photosynthesis and yield of rice panicle and to provide a basis for the management of nitrogenous panicle fertilizer in rice. 【Method】 There are big differences between plant type and yield Two hybrid mid-rice cultivars (Dexiang 4103 and Yixiang 3724) were used as materials, and under the conventional nitrogen application rate of 180 kg / hm2, : 3, 2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 0) on the growth, morphology, photosynthetic production and yield of rice leaves. 【Result】 The results showed that both of the two rice cultivars had the characteristics of low up-flowering and high-yielding fertilization (1: 3) with upright leaves, good light-receiving form, high net photosynthetic rate and large population dry matter accumulation, ; Under the condition of high flowering fertilizer and low flowering fertilizer, the leaf area and leaf angle of the two leaves increased, the degree of draping increased, the population quality deteriorated, the seed setting rate and grain weight decreased, and the yield decreased . Dexiang 4103, due to its large spikelet size, the upper 3 leaf area and the total leaf area relatively suitable, the grain-leaf ratio is high, and leaf area and leaf angle amplitude is small under different ear-fertilizer operation, Better quality, greater dry matter accumulation and higher yields. 【Conclusion】 Rice nitrogenous panicle fertilization should create good leaf morphology and population quality, and increase the post-anthesis material accumulation to increase yield. Rice leaf type selection was also discussed.