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明清章回小说的序跋、评点以及笔记、史论等文献中,广泛存在区分作品优劣高下的品第批评。其表现形态可分为对决式和列举式两种,后者又包括并列式和递进式。品第批评具有较强的主观性,但在长期的批评过程中,也会形成相对一致的主流共识。经典的生成与主流共识密切相关,而与共识并在的则是随时可见的挑战。类型划分将纷乱的递进式转换为明晰的并列式,为品第批评搭建了最佳的缓冲平台。不过,因为个人趣味、时代风尚、受众身份、版本传播等各种因素的存在,类型划分所营造的皆大欢喜的比赛结局,仍将处于开放的、具有变数的状态。
In the prefaces and postscripts, commentaries, notes, history and other documents in the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, there is a wide range of criticisms of articles that distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of the works. Its manifestations can be divided into two types of formulas and enumeration, the latter includes parallel and progressive. Article criticism has a strong subjectivity, but in the long process of criticism, it will form a relatively consistent mainstream consensus. The formation of the classic is closely linked with the mainstream consensus, and the consensus with it is a challenge that can be seen at any time. Type of division will be chaotic transition into a clear parallel, for the first criticism to build the best buffer platform. However, due to the existence of various factors such as personal taste, fashion, audience status and version transmission, the happy and happy ending of the game created by the type division will remain in an open and variable state.