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目的掌握重庆市土源性线虫病流行动态和流行规律。方法 2007-2010年,每年在监测县采集居民粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫虫卵;3~12岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫虫卵;采集家庭土壤样本,检查蛔虫卵并区分死活。结果 4年重庆市监测点共累计调查12 263人次,2007-2010土源性线虫感染率依次为31.03%、22.92%、16.18%、10.08%。人群总体土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势(χ2=465.91,P<0.01)。男女人群的感染率2010年男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.01,P<0.05)。年龄组感染率以老年组和少儿组较高;蛔虫和钩虫是感染的主要虫体,感染度以轻度为主,中度较少,重度感染最少。全市儿童各年蛲虫感染率最低为5.56%,最高为16.54%,各年间感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.42,P<0.01)。2007-2010年监测点土壤人蛔虫虫卵检出率分别为37.50%、29.17%、26.67%、25.00%,检出率总体呈下降趋势(χ2=4.60,P<0.05)。结论重庆市监测点人群土源性线虫病感染水平总体较低并呈下降趋势,但仍应继续加强健康教育及集体驱虫等防治措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and epidemic patterns of soil-borne nematodes in Chongqing. Methods From 2007 to 2010, the feces of residents were collected in the monitoring counties every year. The roundworms, hookworms and whipworm eggs were tested by modified Kato thick smear method. The children aged 3 ~ Home soil samples, check the roundworm eggs and distinguish between life and death. Results A total of 12 263 residents were surveyed at the monitoring points in Chongqing in 4 years. The infection rates of soil-borne nematodes in 2007-2010 were 31.03%, 22.92%, 16.18% and 10.08%, respectively. The overall population infection rate of soil-borne nematodes decreased (χ2 = 465.91, P <0.01). The prevalence of infection among men and women was higher in males than in females in 2010, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.01, P <0.05). The infection rate in the age group was higher in the elderly group and children group. The roundworm and hookworm were the main infection parasites. The infection was mild, moderate and least. The prevalence of pinworm infection in children was 5.56% and the highest was 16.54%. The infection rate in each year was significantly different (χ2 = 15.42, P <0.01). The detection rates of Ascaris suum in soil from 2007 to 2010 were 37.50%, 29.17%, 26.67% and 25.00%, respectively. The detection rate was generally declining (χ2 = 4.60, P <0.05). Conclusion The infection levels of soil-borne nematodes in the monitoring sites in Chongqing are generally low and declining, but health education and collective deworming control measures should continue to be strengthened.