21世纪的科技进步和社会发展逐步改变了人们的生活方式和传统观念,也改变了医学模式。儿科特别是基层医院儿科的职能和作用也将随之可能发生重大变革;有必要分析其发展趋势,以便更好地适应社会民众的需求。中国加入WTO,经济全球化、贸易自由化,使整个卫生行业充满了竞争,但要趋向规范化,基层儿科如何获得广阔的生存空间,成为关注的焦点。 一、我国儿童的健康水平有了极大的提高 婴儿出生率和死亡率降低。建国以来,健全的妇幼卫生服务体系和遍布于城乡的三级医疗保健网,大大降低了婴儿死亡率;计划生育的实施,控制了过高的出生率,力争做到了 The scientific and technological progress and social development in the 21st century have gradually changed people’s way of life and tradition and changed the medical model. The functions and roles of pediatrics, especially primary-level hospitals, will also likely undergo major changes. It is necessary to analyze their development trends in order to better meet the needs of the community. China’s accession to the WTO, economic globalization and trade liberalization make the entire health industry full of competition. However, to become more and more standardized, how primary-level pediatrics can gain a vast living space has become the focus of attention. First, the health of children in our country has greatly improved the birth rate and mortality of infants. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a sound maternal and child health care service system and a tertiary health care network covering urban and rural areas have greatly reduced the infant mortality rate. The implementation of family planning has controlled overly high birth rates and strived to achieve