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自1981年我国恢复发行国债以来,今年已是国债发行的第14个年头。前13年,累计发行国债(国内部分)总额两千余亿元,为支持国家经济建设和社会事业的发展,筹集了大量资金,取得了很大成绩。但是由于种种因素的局限,发行工作基本采用的是行政分配办法。这种办法,弊端多,效果差,特别是已明显不适应社会主义市场经济的需要,亟待改革。今年的国债发行,将呈现规模大、品种多、时间长等特点;更重要的,将一改过去的行政性发行办法,建立适应市场经济需要的国债发行和流通机制。可以说,这是国债运行机制的根本性变革,如是,其间就会出现一些对于我国公民来说较为生疏的概念。为了帮助广大读者了解必要的国债业务知识,增强国债意识,进而有助于国债市场顺利运作,本刊将陆续选登一些名词述语解释,企盼对读者有所帮助。
Since the restoration of the issuance of treasury bonds in China in 1981, this year is the fourteenth year of the issuance of treasury bonds. In the first 13 years, a total of more than 200 billion yuan of treasury bonds (domestic part) were issued. In order to support the development of the country’s economy and social undertakings, a large amount of funds have been raised and tremendous achievements have been made. However, due to the limitation of various factors, the basic distribution method is the administrative distribution method. This kind of approach has many drawbacks and is ineffective. In particular, it has obviously failed to meet the needs of a socialist market economy and is in urgent need of reform. This year’s issue of treasury bonds will be characterized by large scale, variety and long time. More importantly, it will change the past administrative issuance methods and establish a mechanism for the circulation and distribution of treasury bonds that meets the needs of a market economy. It can be said that this is a fundamental change in the operating mechanism of treasury bonds. In the case of such a move, there will emerge some concepts that are relatively unfamiliar to our citizens. In order to help readers understand the necessary treasury business knowledge and enhance the national debt awareness, and thus help the smooth operation of the bond market, we will continue to select some terms to explain, in the hope of helping the reader.