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本文综述了微生物从地面污染源的迁移对地下水和地表水体构成了严重威胁。微生物可通过平流、弥散在土壤中迁移，但同时也受到过滤、吸附、解析、生长、死亡、沉降和趋化性的影响。实验室和田间研究对认识细菌在土壤中的迁移都是有益的。从定性比较来看，实验室的研究结果一般可用于大田，但定量比较要困难得多。由于许多数学模型是建立在对实际条件简化基础上的，因此，它在实际工作中应用受限。
This article summarizes the migration of microorganisms from surface contamination sources as a serious threat to groundwater and surface waters. Micro-organisms can migrate through the soil by advection and dispersion, but are also affected by filtration, adsorption, resolution, growth, death, sedimentation and chemotaxis. Laboratory and field studies are beneficial for understanding the bacterial transport in soil. From a qualitative point of view, laboratory results are generally available in the field, but the quantitative comparison is much more difficult. Because many mathematical models are based on the simplification of the actual conditions, therefore, it is limited in practical applications.