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Schwann细胞是周围神经系统内的髓鞘形成细胞,在发育过程中经由一系列基因的准确表达及微环境因素的调控分化成熟并产生髓鞘。在外周神经受损后的Wallerian氏变性过程中,Schwann细胞的前体细胞基因激活而去分化形成幼稚前体是神经纤维再生的关键环节;由于其高度可塑性,Schwann细胞也在参与外周神经再生的病理过程中尤为重要。几年来对Schwann细胞发育分化过程、以ERK/MAPK为核心的内在信号途径调控其去分化及可塑性的认识日益深入。这些对阐明外周神经发育、损伤再生的细胞分子过程及脱髓鞘等周围神经病变的治疗具有重要意义。
Schwann cells are myelinated cells in the peripheral nervous system. They are differentiated to mature and produce myelin through the accurate expression of a series of genes and regulation of microenvironment during development. Schwann cells are also involved in peripheral nerve regeneration due to their high plasticity in Wallerian’s degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. The degeneration of precursor cells in Schwann cells and dedifferentiation to form naive precursors is a key step in the regeneration of nerve fibers. Pathological process is particularly important. In recent years, there is a growing understanding of the process of Schwann cell development and differentiation, and the intrinsic signal pathways with ERK / MAPK as the core to regulate its dedifferentiation and plasticity. These are important for clarifying the process of peripheral nerve development, injury and regeneration of cellular and molecular processes and the treatment of peripheral neuropathy such as demyelination.