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控制煤炭消费总量是我国大气污染防治的重要举措之一。本文从数量管理、质量管理和价格管理三个维度建立一个煤炭消费总量控制政策的分析框架,对当前我国控煤政策进行系统性梳理。分析发现我国主要采取的是强制性的数量管理手段,而缺乏引入价格管理方法,煤炭消费总量控制和清洁能源替代缺乏长效机制,难以实现经济社会效益最大化。基于此,本文建议改变以数量管理为主的政策取向,引入价格管理手段,核心是把煤炭消费的负外部性内部化,使煤炭消费主体承担相应的社会成本,有效抑制不合理煤炭消费。
Controlling the total amount of coal consumption is one of the important measures to prevent and control air pollution in our country. This article from the three dimensions of quantity management, quality management and price management to establish an analysis framework of total coal consumption control policy, systematically combing the current coal control policy in our country. The analysis shows that China mainly adopts the mandatory quantitative management measures. However, the lack of a price management method, the total coal consumption control and the lack of a long-term mechanism for replacing clean energy make it hard to maximize economic and social benefits. Based on this, this paper proposes to change the policy orientation based on quantity management and introduce price management means. The core is to internalize the negative externalities of coal consumption, so that the main body of coal consumption takes the corresponding social costs and effectively controls the unreasonable coal consumption.