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目的饮食结构指消费者所消费的食物种类和数量,而人类营养级(human trophic level,HTL)是反映复杂饮食结构的量化指标,本文利用HTL的概念揭示不同群体食品摄入变化的规律。方法本研究利用统计数据分别计算城乡居民的HTL,进而通过HTL的变化来研究城乡居民食品消费上的差异。结果我国城镇居民和农村居民的营养级从1995到2012年均呈现增长的态势,但是城乡差异仍然很大。农村居民的营养级从1995年的2.06增长到2012年的2.13,但是仍低于城镇居民1995年的2.18。进一步比较城乡居民5类食品的营养级贡献率,肉蛋奶贡献率的上升是导致二者营养级上升的主要原因,但是城镇居民肉蛋奶的贡献率上升比农村居民更为明显。居民收入和食品类支出同营养级的增长密切相关,当营养级达到2.25时,营养级逐步保持稳定,饮食结构呈现一种稳定的状态。同时,营养级的时间变化能够体现禽流感等食品安全问题对饮食结构的影响。结论人类营养级计算方便、易于理解,可以较为全面地反应居民饮食结构。
The purpose of diet structure refers to the type and amount of food consumed by consumers, while the human trophic level (HTL) is a quantitative indicator of complex diet structure. This article uses the concept of HTL to reveal the changes of food intake among different groups. Methods This study used statistics to separately calculate the HTL of urban and rural residents, and then studied the differences of food consumption between urban and rural residents through the change of HTL. Results The trophic levels of urban residents and rural residents in China both showed an increasing trend from 1995 to 2012, but the difference between urban and rural areas remained large. The trophic level of rural residents increased from 2.06 in 1995 to 2.13 in 2012, but still below the urban population of 2.18 in 1995. Further comparison of the contribution of five classes of urban and rural residents in the trophic level contributed to the rise of the contribution rate of meat and eggs, which led to the increase of both trophic levels, but the contribution rate of meat and milk to urban residents was more obvious than that of rural residents. Household income and expenditure on food are closely related to the growth of trophic levels. When trophic levels reach 2.25, the trophic level is gradually stabilized and the diet structure shows a steady state. At the same time, trophic level changes over time can reflect the impact of bird flu and other food safety issues on diet structure. Conclusion The human nutrition level is easy to understand and understand. It can reflect the diet structure of residents more comprehensively.