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照相必须具备两样东西,一样是照相机,另一样是感光片。照相机主要是由镜头、快门、暗箱和对光装置构成的。它可以是木做的,也可以是金属(如铁、薄钢片)、塑料或其他材料做的。镜头是由两个或两个以上的透镜所组成,但是它的主要的作用只相当於一个凸透镜。我们知道,如果将一个实物放在凸透镜焦点以外,那麽在凸透镜的另一面就会出现一个倒立的实像。照相机就利用镜头来在暗箱中造成倒立的实像。同时我们由凸透镜造成像的原理知道:离开照相机比较远的东西,造成的像离开镜头比较近;离开照相机比较近的东西,造成的像离开镜头比较远。这就是要对光的原因。
The camera must have two things, the same camera, the other is a photosensitive film. The camera is mainly composed of a lens, a shutter, a camera box, and an optical device. It can be made of wood, it can also be metal (such as iron, thin steel sheet), plastic or other materials. The lens is composed of two or more lenses, but its main role is only one convex lens. We know that if an object is placed outside the focal point of the convex lens, an inverted real image will appear on the other side of the convex lens. The camera uses the lens to create an inverted real image in the black box. At the same time, we know from the principle that a convex lens causes an image: something that is far from the camera causes the image to be closer to the lens; leaving the camera closer to it causes the image to be farther away from the lens. This is the reason for the light.