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肿瘤是由肿瘤干细胞异常增殖、分化而形成,常规放化疗仅能消灭增殖期的非致瘤性肿瘤细胞,使肿瘤缩小甚至消失。然而,肿瘤干细胞和普通干细胞一样,对放化疗等方法具有较高的抵抗能力,当治疗停止后,肿瘤干细胞可再次增殖形成肿瘤。目前研究已证实乳腺癌中存在乳腺癌干细胞,并且乳腺癌干细胞在乳腺癌的发生、发展中起着关键作用。乳腺癌干细胞不但介导乳腺癌组织对放化疗的抵抗,还关系到乳腺癌的转移和复发,所以有必要针对乳腺癌干细胞进行深入研究。因此,本文就乳腺癌干细胞的分离鉴定、相关信号通路的调控及其治疗方面的新进展作一综述。
Tumors are abnormal proliferation and differentiation of tumor stem cells. Conventional chemoradiation can only eliminate non-tumorigenic tumor cells in proliferative phase, and make tumors shrink or even disappear. However, cancer stem cells, like ordinary stem cells, have higher resistance to chemoradiation and other methods. When the treatment is stopped, tumor stem cells can proliferate again to form tumors. The current study has confirmed the presence of breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer, and breast cancer stem cells play a key role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Breast cancer stem cells not only mediate the resistance of breast cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but also involve the metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to study breast cancer stem cells in depth. Therefore, this review summarizes the isolation and identification of breast cancer stem cells, the regulation of related signaling pathways and new progress in their treatment.