在中国立宪史上,有一部重要的宪法文件是被兵谏直接逼出来的,它就是晚清的《宪法重大信条十九条》(以下简称“十九信条”)。事情必须从“永平秋操”说起。宣统三年三月二十日(1911年4月18日),管理军谘处事务大臣载涛等奏请援照旧案,在直隶永平府举行秋操。清政府举行这次大规模秋操,显然含有炫耀武力,向革命党人示威的用意,因而引起新军中革命党人的强烈不满。奉派参加秋操的第六镇统制吴禄贞、第二十镇统制张绍曾,与第二混成协统领蓝天蔚等人密议,决定利用参加秋操之机相机起义。吴禄贞、张绍曾与蓝天蔚三人为日本陆军士官学校前后期同学,光绪三十三年(1907),宋教仁到辽东发展同盟会,吴、张、蓝三人均秘密入盟,并成 In the constitutional history of China, an important constitutional document was directly forced out by military remonstrations. It was the late 19 “constitutional major creed” (hereinafter referred to as the “19 creed”). Things must be from “Yong Ping autumn exercises ” Speaking. March 20, 2003 (April 18, 1911), Xun Tao, Minister of Management, Military Affairs and Informatics Division, and other solicitors invited to assist the old case and held autumn exercises in Yongping Prefecture, Zhili. The massacre of the autumn by the Qing government apparently contained the intention of showing off force and demonstrating to the revolutionaries, thereby arousing strong resentment among the revolutionaries in the new army. Wu Fengzhen, the sixth town in the autumn, and Zhang Shaozeng, the commander in chief of the twentieth town, were secretly sent a messenger agreement with the Blue Mixed Race Association and other leaders of the blue sky. They decided to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in the autumn camera revolt. Wu Luzhen, Zhang Shaozeng and the blue sky three for the Japanese military officer school before and after classmates, Guangxu thirty-three years (1907), Song Jiaoren to the Liaodong Development League, Wu, Zhang, blue secretly joined the three, and into