湘军崛起于湖南,除了曾国藩的个人作用外,还有它的社会原因。然而以往人们只注重前者而忽略了对后者的探析。本文拟从道成年间湖南的经济、阶级、政治、文化四个方面对这一原因作一试论,不当之处,恳请批评。(一) 道咸年间,在湖南的社会经济中,自给自足的封建经济占着压倒的优势。然而,由于长期以来劳动人民生产经验的积累以及清初以来百八十年封建秩序的相对稳定,使得湖南社会生产方在 The rise of the Hunan army in Hunan, in addition to the personal role of Zeng Guofan, has its social causes. However, in the past, people only paid attention to the former and neglected the latter. This article intends to make a trial and error on this one from the four aspects of economy, class, politics and culture in Hunan during the adulthood. (1) In the salty years, in the social economy of Hunan, the feudal economy of self-sufficiency occupied the overwhelming superiority. However, due to the accumulation of working people’s production experience over a long period of time and the relative stability of the feudal order of 180 years since the early Qing Dynasty, Hunan’s social producers